In this sense, Fraunhofer's theory is only an approximation to the complete solution to the problem of the scattering of light by any "real-world" object, and its application in particle sizing is therefore inherently limited to cases in which: a) the size of the particle is large with respect to the wavelength, b) the angle of observation is small, and c) the particles are non-transparent.įor particles large with respect to the wavelength, the Fraunhofer approximations to the complete Mie theory are functionally equivalent. The interaction of light and a three-dimensional object, such as a particle, results in scattering that is not simply a product of diffraction, but arises from the refraction and absorption of light as well. At a given wavelength, Fraunhofer's theory predicts the angular location of the scatter maxima and minima as a function of an object's size.Īlthough Fraunhofer theory accounts for how these patterns of light and shadow are created, the diffraction of light is a phenomena produced by the interaction of light and an object that is essentially two-dimensional, such as a disk or a hole in a sheet of cloth. Liquid Handling and Scheduling Softwareįigure 2: Scattering pattern by a spherical particle Fraunhofer DiffractionĪ mathematical description of diffraction was advanced in the early 1800's by Josef von Fraunhofer.
#Particle model of light phenomena software
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